What did Italy's Law 74/2025 change about citizenship by descent?

Italy's Law 74/2025, which converted Decree-Law 36 of 28 March 2025 and came into force on 24 May 2025, ended the unlimited-generation model of citizenship transmission. Now only children and grandchildren of Italian citizens can apply — and only if they prove a "genuine connection" to Italy.

Who is still protected under the old rules?

Applications filed or scheduled at consulates, comuni or courts up to 27 March 2025 remain under the previous legislation, preserving acquired rights. Anyone who had not formalised a request by that date and whose Italian lineage goes beyond the second degree now faces significant legal obstacles.

What does "genuine connection" mean in practice?

The law provides relief only in specific situations — for example, when a direct ancestor retained Italian nationality exclusively or resided in Italy for a defined period. Fabiola Leardini, president of Patrimonio Italiano, warns that descendants of great-grandparents or great-great-grandparents, previously covered by a lifelong and transmissible right, now find almost no path forward under the new rules.

Is there any way to challenge the new law?

Legal action is being considered by many affected descendants. Cases before higher courts are questioning whether an ordinary law can override the principle of ius sanguinis enshrined in the Italian constitution. Patrimonio Italiano — a Social Promotion Association headquartered in Terni, Umbria — is closely monitoring these legislative and institutional developments and helping its members stay informed.

What should Brazilian descendants do now?

Experts recommend mapping your exact lineage and confirming whether any ancestor maintained exclusive Italian nationality or lived in Italy. Those whose applications were already scheduled before 27 March 2025 should proceed under the old rules. Others beyond the second degree should seek qualified legal advice before deciding whether to pursue judicial recognition.

Key Facts:
  • Law 74/2025 entered into force on 24 May 2025, ending unlimited-generation Italian citizenship by descent.
  • Only children and grandchildren of Italians may now apply under standard rules.
  • Requests filed or scheduled up to 27 March 2025 are protected under previous legislation.
  • A "genuine connection" to Italy is required for any exceptions beyond the second degree.
  • Constitutional challenges to the law are ongoing in Italian higher courts.
  • Patrimonio Italiano, based in Terni, Umbria, provides guidance to descendants worldwide.